DNA is the molecular workhorse of cells that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all living organisms. DNA extraction is the process of isolating DNA molecules from cells or tissues in a biological sample. It involves breaking open the cellular structures and membranes to release the DNA into a suitable solution, where it can be purified and concentrated (1). The extracted DNA can then be used for various molecular biology and genetic analysis.

 

It is the most essential step prior to various downstream biological analysis, and the accuracy and reliability of these analyses depend on the extraction methodology. Additionally, DNA extraction from cells lies in its fundamental role in elucidating genetic information and facilitating numerous scientific and practical applications. Therefore, extracting pure DNA is the fundamental step to carrying forward any synthesis.

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DNA extraction finds its applications across various fields in biology. It is utilized for purposes like disease diagnosis, food and environmental microbiology, genetic testing, gene manipulation, and forensic analysis. Additionally, it empowers researchers to delve into the study of genes, identify variations, and facilitate the development of diagnostic tools, treatments, as well as agricultural products.